Premature birth, defined as delivery before 37 weeks of pregnancy, is a significant global health challenge, often leading to long-term complications for the baby and emotional and financial stress for families. According to WHO’s last data about 287000 women died during and following pregnancy and childbirth in 2020. However, optimising maternal health and ensuring responsible fertility treatment can significantly reduce the risk of premature birth. Raising awareness about these factors is crucial for improving outcomes for both mother and child.
Maternal health: The foundation for full-term pregnancy
The journey toward a healthy pregnancy begins with the mother’s overall health. Conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity and infections can significantly increase the risk of preterm labour. Regular preconception health checks help identify and manage these risk factors early. Moreover, adopting a balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight, staying physically active and avoiding harmful substances like tobacco and alcohol create an optimal environment for a full-term pregnancy.
During pregnancy, prenatal care is essential. Frequent check-ups allow healthcare providers to monitor fetal growth, manage any emerging complications and provide timely interventions. Expectant mothers are encouraged to take prescribed prenatal vitamins, especially folic acid and practice stress management, as stress hormones are linked to preterm labour.
Responsible fertility treatment: A critical role
Fertility treatments, such as in-vitro fertilization (IVF), have been a boon for couples struggling with infertility. However, they come with their own set of risks, including multiple pregnancies—a leading cause of prematurity. Responsible practices, like transferring a single blastocyst embryo during IVF and opting for advanced techniques like PGT –A and transferring single Euploid embryo and other advances like CAPA IVM (In Vitro Maturation), can minimise these risks. CAPA IVM requires minimal hormonal stimulation, reducing the chance of ovarian hyperstimulation and lowering the likelihood of multiple pregnancies, thereby promoting safer outcomes for both mother and baby.
Global progress and the need for awareness
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the maternal mortality ratio worldwide has improved significantly, declining from 441 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1985 to 223 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2020. However, at the halfway mark to 2030, the goal of reaching a global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 70 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births remains elusive. This progress reflects advancements in maternal health care, yet challenges like premature birth persist.
Empowering women through awareness
Awareness and education are key to preventing prematurity. Couples planning a family should consult healthcare providers early to understand their health status and the safest fertility options. Additionally, healthcare professionals must emphasise the importance of maternal health and responsible fertility practices during consultations.
Preventing premature births requires a collaborative effort between individuals, families and healthcare systems. By prioritising maternal health and advocating for safer fertility treatments, we can help more babies enjoy the benefits of a healthy, full-term start in life. Awareness is the first step toward ensuring that every child has the best possible chance to thrive.
(The author, Dr. Sai Manasa Darla, is the clinical head and fertility specialist at Oasis Fertility.)
