It all began when Prime Minister Narendra Modi shared images from his recent Lakshadweep visit on social media. What was meant to showcase the beauty of the Indian archipelago quickly escalated into a bilateral controversy when three Maldivian Deputy Ministers criticized India and the Prime Minister in the comments section. The Maldives Ministry of Foreign Affairs quickly distanced from the comments. Besides, the Maldives government suspended the three Ministers for making derogatory comments on the Prime Minister.
Amid the ongoing diplomatic row, Tanisha Saxena plumbs the roots of this conflict, sets it in its historical context, and examines the potential repercussions on tourism, bilateral relations between the two nations, and more.
The strong reaction from the Maldives government was expected, considering the crucial role tourism plays in the archipelagic state’s economy. Over the period from 2006 to 2022, the number of resorts surged from 88 to 172, tourist beds increased from 16,000 to around 60,000, and tourist arrivals skyrocketed from 600,000 to over 16 million.
India has consistently been the primary contributor to the Maldives’ tourist earnings, holding the top position in 2021, 2022, and 2023. However, the controversy threatens the Maldives’ tourism revenue, which had peaked in 2022. If the boycott persists during the holiday seasons in 2024, the Maldives could incur significant losses.
As per the Maldives Ministry of Tourism, India is projected to remain the largest tourism market in 2023. Notably, in 2022, India led with 240,000 arrivals, closely followed by Russia with 198,000 tourists, and the UK in the third place with over 177,000 tourists.
Celebrities complicate matters
The involvement of Bollywood celebrities in this diplomatic tussle adds another layer to the controversy. Traditionally, these celebrities have endorsed Maldives tourism on their social media platforms.
“The Federation of Western India Cine Employees (FWICE) has urged filmmakers to boycott shooting in the Maldives due to growing tensions between India and the island nation. This decision comes in response to derogatory remarks about PM Narendra Modi made by the Maldivian Ministers. FWICE encourages filmmakers to choose similar shooting locations in India, expressing solidarity with the nation and its culture. The call for the boycott aims to contribute to the development of tourism in India, and producers worldwide are advised against planning any shoots or production activities in the Maldives. This move follows a trend where Indian celebrities are promoting Indian islands like Lakshadweep over the Maldives,” says Ranjeet, a cinephile.
Telugu superstar Nagarjuna chose to cancel his Maldives vacation plans due to the ongoing tensions between India and the Maldives. In an interview, Nagarjuna cited concerns about the “unhealthy” remarks made by Maldivian Ministers against Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Indians in general. He had emphasised the need for a respectful approach and had mentioned that he would opt for Lakshadweep as an alternative destination. Several social media users have since started promote Indian islands over the Maldives as a holiday destination.
The Maldives, a picturesque archipelago, faces a critical dilemma as rising sea levels threaten its existence by 2100. Despite being highly vulnerable to climate change, the nation relies heavily on tourism, contributing to a paradox-depending on an industry that exacerbates the crisis. While some hotels adopt eco-friendly practices, the broader challenge persists. With over 60% of coral already bleached, the Maldives invests half its budget in climate adaptation.
The COVID-19 economic downturn underscores the nation’s dependence on tourism. As the Maldives strives for sustainability, the urgency lies in global leaders taking immediate, decisive actions to combat climate change and preserve not only the Maldives but the planet at large.
Professor Rajesh, a historian at the University of Hyderabad, shares insights into the history of the Republic of Maldives. “This small island nation, nestled in the Indian Ocean, comprises 26 coral atolls housing 1,190 islands, of which only 203 are inhabited. Governed through 20 regions, including the capital Male, the Maldives boasts a distinctive geographical and administrative structure. Historically independent, it briefly fell under Portuguese rule in the 16th century and later became a British protectorate until achieving full sovereignty in 1965. Predominantly adhering to Islam, the Maldives restricts citizenship to Muslims. With a population of 184,453 in 1985, the nation grapples with challenges arising from limited land, absence of mineral resources, and heavy reliance on fishing. Economic and social disparities persist between Male and the atolls, with the capital reaping greater benefits from government expenditure, shipping, and tourism.”
The Maldives, owing to its compact size and geographical constraints, faces difficulties in nurturing skilled labor and sustaining specialised public services.
“The Maldives has undergone significant economic development since the 1970s, experiencing robust annual GDP growth of around 6 per cent throughout the 2010s. The Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, once among the world’s lowest in the 1970s, surged to the status of upper middle-income countries by the late 2010s. The nation’s economy is primarily driven by key sectors such as tourism, fishing, boatbuilding, and boat repairing, with the tourism industry playing a pivotal role in propelling the rapid economic expansion,” shares Dr. G Vijay, professor of economics at the University of Hyderabad.
The sinking paradise
The Maldives, a serene archipelago of coral islands confronts an existential challenge dealing with the adverse effects of climate change and numerous environmental issues. “The looming threat of rising sea levels poses a serious danger to the Maldives, given its meager average ground level just 1.5 meters above the sea. Climate projections indicate that in a world warmed by two degrees, around 80 per cent of the Maldives could be submerged by the end of the century, with substantial losses anticipated by 2050. The vulnerability of these low-lying islands to rising sea levels is a direct consequence of global climate change, marked by the melting of polar ice caps and the resulting thermal expansion of seawater,” highlights retired geologist Pradeep Sengupta.
Adding to the predicament, ocean acidification further endangers the delicate coral ecosystems of the Maldives, renowned for their biodiversity. Essential to the nation’s economy through tourism and fisheries, coral reefs are undergoing bleaching events due to elevated sea temperatures. This poses a direct threat to the intricate balance of marine life, including fish species vital for the livelihoods of local communities.
Spotlight on Lakshadweep’s enchantment
Lakshadweep is an archipelago located in the Arabian Sea, off the south-western coast of India. It consists of 36 islands, and its name translates to “a hundred thousand islands” in Sanskrit. Kavaratti is the capital and the most populous island.
The islands are known for their pristine coral reefs, sandy beaches, and rich marine life, making them a popular tourist destination. Lakshadweep is the smallest Union Territory of India, and its administration is directly controlled by the central government. Fishing and coconut cultivation are essential economic activities for the locals. The region is also ecologically significant, with various species of marine life and birds. Entry to Lakshadweep is regulated, and tourists require a permit to visit the islands. The preservation of the delicate ecosystem is a priority, and sustainable tourism practices are encouraged to protect the natural beauty of the archipelago.
Aditi Saxena, an IT professional who just returned from an enchanting journey through Lakshadweep, tells us about the experience. She exults: “Let me tell you, it’s like stepping into a dream that unfolds with every moment. Agatti Island welcomed me with its powdery shores, and as I dipped into the turquoise waters, it felt like I was dancing with vibrant marine life amid the coral reefs – an aquatic adventure beyond imagination.”
She continues, “Heading to Bangaram on a boat ride was a tranquil escape like no other. Unwinding in beachfront cottages, savoring delicious seafood under starlit skies – it was an intimate retreat into the heart of serenity, with soft sand beneath my toes. Kadmat, with its blue lagoons and vibrant coral gardens, became my personal playground for water sports. Diving into its depths was like discovering a hidden paradise beneath the waves.”
Aditi has been to the Maldives as well as Lakshadweep in 2022. She shares, “Lakshadweep and the Maldives, both nestled in the heart of the Indian Ocean, offer paradisiacal experiences yet possess distinct charms. Lakshadweep’s allure lies in its relatively undiscovered nature. The archipelago’s 36 islands boast untouched beauty, creating an intimate setting for those seeking tranquility. The underwater wonders, especially around Agatti and Kadmat, provide a unique blend of vibrant coral reefs and marine life, making it an ideal spot for avid snorkelers and water sports enthusiasts.”
“On the other hand, the Maldives, a renowned luxury destination, is celebrated for its overwater bungalows, extensive resort options, and diverse marine life. The Maldives caters to a broader spectrum of travelers, from honeymooners to luxury seekers. The coral atolls, clear blue lagoons, and thriving underwater ecosystems create a picture-perfect setting. While both destinations share a commonality in their breathtaking underwater landscapes, the Maldives often leans towards a more upscale and commercialised experience compared to the pristine and secluded charm of Lakshadweep. Ultimately, the choice between the two depends on whether one seeks exclusive tranquility or a luxurious and diverse tropical escape,” she opines.
Transformative waves in Lakshadweep
Saurabh Gahoi, Vice President of Ramee Group of Hotels, opines: “I am genuinely excited about the recent transformations in Lakshadweep’s tourism sector, spurred by the visit of Prime Minister Modi. The surge in online searches and room inquiries vividly illustrates the escalating popularity of this picturesque island. Lakshadweep Islands stand out for their breathtaking natural beauty, characterised by pristine white-sand beaches that distinguish them from other destinations. The tranquility of the lagoons, the charm of coconut groves, and the richness of diverse marine life collectively contribute to the irresistible allure of this tropical paradise.”
Government initiatives to promote tourism in India have significantly contributed to the growth of destinations like Lakshadweep. He adds: “The surge in interest for beach holidays and destination weddings has propelled Lakshadweep into the limelight. As a sought-after destination, the island provides an ideal setting for those seeking unique and picturesque locations for their celebrations. The concept of ‘Wed in India’, promoted by Prime Minister Modi, resonates well with the Ramee Group’s commitment to offering exquisite and culturally rich experiences.”
While the Ramee Group of Hotels is not presently established in Lakshadweep, the company is actively observing and applauding the industry’s advancements.
“Our paradise in Lakshadweep welcomes the influx of travelers inspired by Narendra Modi’s recent visit, appreciating his brand value. As hoteliers, let us embrace this opportunity while being vigilant in safeguarding the pristine beauty of our islands for future generations,” asserts the manager of a local resort in Agatti Island.
While people are excited to welcome more travellers, the ecosystem of Lakshadweep must be protected. “Lakshadweep, with its 26 islands, is a jewel in the Indian Ocean, while the Maldives boasts over 1,190 islands. Unlike the Maldives, Lakshadweep faces challenges like coastal erosion and limited resources. The proposed tourism model, inspired by the Maldives, raises concerns as it might strain Lakshadweep’s environment. Residents argue that the Maldives’ water villa concept is costly and harmful to coral reefs. In essence, replicating the Maldivian model in Lakshadweep could clash with its smaller size, unique ecology, and the need for sustainable development,” says Ankit Jain, a travel blogger.
Implications of boycott call
The Indian Chamber of Commerce has called for boycott of the Maldives, citing anti-India sentiments expressed by Maldivian Ministers. Subhash Goyal, leading the ICC’s aviation and tourism committee, recommends promoting alternative destinations like Lakshadweep, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Bali, and Phuket due to the perceived negativity from the Maldivian government on social media towards India.
Avinash Singh, a lawyer comments: “The India-Maldives diplomatic dispute initially unfolded in cyberspace, with an online exchange escalating over three days. The conflict transitioned to the physical realm as India summoned the Maldivian High Commissioner, Ibrahim Shaheeb, and engaged in diplomatic discussions. The discord originated from Maldivian politicians reacting to the promotion of Lakshadweep, interpreting it as a threat to their tourism industry. This real-world impact highlights the interconnected nature of online interactions and their potential consequences on diplomatic relations between India and the Maldives.”
The online skirmish between India and the Maldives has spilled into real-world diplomatic tensions, raising concerns about its impact on tourism and bilateral relations. The promotion of Lakshadweep by Indians is seen as potentially detrimental to Maldives’ tourism industry, and the ensuing conflict may discourage travel between the nations. The interdependence of India and the Maldives in various aspects, including tourism, emphasises the need for diplomatic resolution to prevent long-term repercussions on their relationship and shared interests.
