As we observe World Asthma Day on May 2, 2023, it is important to shed light on the prevalence of asthma in children and how it affects their health and well-being. According to recent statistics, approximately half of all reported cases of asthma occur in children. Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that causes coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing, and it is important to diagnose and treat asthma in children to prevent further complications.
Early diagnosis of asthma in children is crucial, as most of the symptoms of the disease are pronounced and can appear as early as 5 years of age. Symptoms can vary from child to child, but the most common include persistent coughing, snoring, frequent colds, and constriction of the chest, which can lead to difficulty breathing and rapid breathing.
The main causes of asthma in children include exposure to allergens such as animal fur, dust, pollen, and changes in the weather and climate, as well as exposure to fumes and pollutants that cause inflammation and pain. Symptoms are usually more visible in the morning or at the end of the night.
Dr. D. S. Sowjanya, Senior Pulmonologist, Kamineni Hospitals, LB Nagar, Hyderabad, shares, “To diagnose asthma in children, doctors will perform a detailed medical history and a physical examination of the heart and lungs. They may also recommend a lung function test to measure the capacity of the lungs and determine how much air is inhaled and exhaled.”
There are generally two types of treatment for asthma in children. Immediate treatment during an asthma attack involves inhaler medications that provide immediate relief from coughing and shortness of breath. For chronic pain, drugs such as steroids and beta-agonists can be used to reduce airway inflammation and clear the airways for easier breathing. Physicians may also monitor the child closely to prevent exposure to allergens and potential risk factors for asthma attacks.
In addition to medications, the doctor shares, “several lifestyle changes can help manage asthma symptoms in children. Parents can help their children by keeping their home clean and free of allergens, avoiding smoking or secondhand smoke, and encouraging physical activity and a healthy diet.”
On World Asthma Day, it is important to raise awareness about the prevalence of asthma in children and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
With proper management and treatment, most children with asthma can lead healthy and active lives.
