infections during pregnancy Centre’s advisory to all states on awareness about Zika virus

Following reports of Zika virus cases, the Union Health Ministry has issued an advisory to all states to emphasise the importance of maintaining constant vigilance and implementing proactive measures to control the spread of the virus.
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne illness that was first identified in monkeys in Uganda in 1947. Recently, Zika cases have emerged in India, affecting states such as Kerala, Telangana and Maharashtra. Individuals infected with the virus do not exhibit symptoms at first but when symptoms occur, they are usually mild and include rash, fever, muscle and joint pain, and conjunctivitis (red eyes). These symptoms typically appear 3-14 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. Some countries have reported an increase in neurological issues, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, during Zika outbreaks.
The Zika virus primarily spreads through the bite of an infected female Aedes mosquito. It can also be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy or childbirth. While the virus has been detected in breast milk, transmission through breastfeeding remains unconfirmed. Additionally, Zika can be spread through sexual contact.
In regards to pregnancy, the babies suffer from serious abnormalities known as congenital Zika syndrome. This includes brain abnormalities like microcephaly (small head size), brain calcifications, limb contractures, increased muscle tone, eye abnormalities and hearing loss.
The risk is higher if the infection occurs in the early weeks of pregnancy. In 2016, the WHO declared a public health emergency due to Zika virus infections during pregnancy. Health facilities and hospitals are directed to appoint a nodal officer responsible for ensuring premises remain Aedes mosquito-free.
Dr Tarakeswari, Chief Medical Director, Fernandez Hospital urged hospitals, “Please maintain constant vigilance by screening pregnant women for Zika virus infection and monitoring the growth of fetuses in expecting mothers who test positive. Abstinence from sex or consistent condom use with partners returning from Zika-affected areas can prevent sexual transmission.”
Diagnosing Zika virus involves RT-PCR testing of blood within seven days of symptom onset.
The virus can also be detected in other body fluids such as saliva, urine and amniotic fluid. In urine, Zika virus can be identified up to three weeks after symptom onset. Detection of IgM antibodies in maternal blood samples can also confirm the diagnosis.